We aimed to determine the effects of different exercise types, duration, and onset after bariatric surgery (BS) on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). A systematic search was conducted up to July 2021. Eleven studies were identified (n = 618 participants). Overall, exercise induced reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP; − 5.33 mmHg; 95%CI − 8.99, −1.66; p < 0.01). Combined exercises elicited reductions on SBP (− 7.18 mmHg; 95%CI − 12.42, − 1.94; p < 0.01) and triglycerides (− 17.56 mg/dL; 95%CI − 34.15, − 0.96; p = 0.04). SBP reductions were also observed on interventions starting > 6 months post-BS (− 7.71 mmHg; 95%CI − 13.12, − 2.31; p < 0.01), and on > 12-week protocols (− 5.78 mmHg; 95%CI − 9.91, − 1.66; p < 0.01). Overall exercise and particularly aerobic plus resistance protocols were an effective therapy to reduce CMRFs post-BS. Benefits were also observed with interventions starting > 6 months post-BS and with > 12-week duration