Objective: To determine the relative effectiveness of dietary macronutrient patterns and popular named diet programmes for weight loss and cardiovascular risk factor improvement among adults who are overweight or obese. Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials. ...

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Background: WHO has published several volumes of Global Air Quality Guidelines to provide guidance on the health risks associated with exposure to outdoor air pollution. As new scientific evidence is generated, air quality guidelines need to be periodically revised and, where necessary, updated. ...

As new scientific evidence on health effects of air pollution is generated, air quality guidelines need to be periodically updated. The objective of this review is to support the derivation of updated guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO) by performing a systematic review of evidence ...

背景 低体力活动已被确定为心血管疾病的主要危险因素。因此，医学会建议增加体力活动是任何抗高血压治疗的一部分。 目的 该评价以患者相关结局（如死亡率和心血管事件）为重点，评估了旨在增加体力活动的干预措施与无此类干预措施对成人原发性高血压患者的长期影响。 数据源 我们在MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane系统评价数据库（Cochrane综述）、1997年至2009年2月期间发表的效果综述摘要数据库（其他综述）和卫生技术评估数据库（技术评估）中检索了高质量的系统评价，并检索了2012年9月之前发表的MEDLINE、EMBASE和Cochrane中央对照试验注册（临床...

Background: In heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on top of state-of-the-art pharmacological and device therapy on mortality, hospitalization, exercise capacity and quality-of-life are not well establ...

Background: Although regular exercise is recommended for preventing and treating overweight/obesity, the most effective exercise type for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight/obesity remains largely undecided. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and rank the co...

Background: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation may benefit heart valve surgery patients. We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence for the use of exercise-based intervention programmes following heart valve surgery. Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of exercise-base...

Background: Taking regular exercise, whether cardiovascular-type exercise or resistance exercise, may help people to give up smoking, particularly by reducing cigarette withdrawal symptoms and cravings, and by helping to manage weight gain. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of exercise...

Background: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2002.Yoga may induce relaxation and stress reduction, and influence the electroencephalogram and the autonomic nervous system, thereby controlling seizures. Yoga would be an attracti...