Efectiveness of exercise on bone mass is closely related to the mode of exercise training regimen, as well as the study design. This study aimed to determine the efect of diferent modes of exercise training on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) in older postmenopausal women (PMW). PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases and reference lists of included studies were searched up until March 25, 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efectiveness of various modes of exercise training in PMW. Sixteen RCTs with 1624 subjects were included. Our study found no signifcant change in both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD following exercise training (MD: 0.01 g/cm2 ; 95% confdence interval (CI) [−0.01, 0.02] and MD: 0.00 g/cm2 ; 95% CI [−0.01, 0.01], respectively). However, subgroup analysis by type of exercise training revealed that lumbar spine BMD (MD: 0.01; 95% CI [0.00, 0.02]) raised signifcantly when whole-body vibration (WBV) was employed as intervention compared with RCTs that utilized aerobic (MD:−0.01; 95% CI [−0.02,−0.01]), resistance (MD: 0.01; 95% CI [−0.04, 0.06]), and combined training (MD: 0.03; 95% CI [−0.01, 0.08]). On the other hand, lumbar spine BMD (MD:−0.01; 95% CI [−0.02,−0.01]) reduced signifcantly when aerobic exercise training was used as intervention compared with RCTs that utilized resistance training, combined training, and WBV. By contrast, these analyses did not have signifcant efect on change in femoral neck BMD. WBV is an efective method to improve lumbar spine BMD in older PMW.