Air pollution is one of the world’s most serious environmental problems. Air pollutants continue to be major contributing factors to chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. We conducted a systematic literature review to provide some insight into what we currently know about the health problems associated with various air pollutants (especially ozone and particulate matter) and their relationship in promoting chronic respiratory diseases. Additionally, an overview of methodology used for evaluating the impact of air pollution on chronic respiratory diseases was done. A literature search targeted studies on the association between the effects of air pollution and respiratory health endpoints published between January 2000 and June.