Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials Participants: Adults (> 6 months) post-stroke Intervention: Progressive resistance training (PRT) Outcome Measures: Muscle strength, Gait performance and Spasticity Results: Six RCTs (218 participants) and 2 additional publications (further analysis of pre-existing data and follow-up study) were included. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, the results were summarized in narrative form. Three RCTs administered PRT only. One RCT administered PRT along with adjunct exercises. 2 additional RCTs administered PRT along with sham cycling. Two RCTs (PRT only) showed that PRT was effective in improving muscle strength of paretic LL in chronic stroke patients but failed to show gait improvement. A third RCT (PRT with adjunct exercises) found a significant improvement in muscle strength, gait speed and stair climbing. A fourth and fifth RCT (PRT with sham cycling) found a significant improvement in muscle strength and stair climbing but not in gait speed. A sixth RCT (PRT only) did not find any improvement in muscle strength or gait performance. Two studies (PRT with adjunct exercises and PRT only) evaluated spasticity and no exacerbation was reported post-intervention. There was a lack of long-term follow-up, with only one study (PRT only) investigating the effects on strength at 5-months and 4-years post-intervention, with a significant improvement in dynamic (isotonic) strength at both time points and a significant improvement in the timed up-and-go at 5 months compared to baseline. Conclusion: PRT was effective in improving LL muscle strength, without adversely affecting spasticity, in people with chronic stroke.