Background and purpose: Aromatherapy, a CAM therapy, is a natural way of treating the mind, body and soul of individuals. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to determine the effect of aromatherapy on hemodialysis complications. Methods: In this systematic review, international (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CINHAL, EMBASE and Scopus) and national databases (SID and Magiran) were searched from inception of the databases to 30 December 2017. Results: The results showed that aromatherapy reduced some of the complications of hemodialysis, including anxiety, fatigue, pruritus, pain of arteriovenous fistula puncture, sleep quality, depression, stress and headache. In one case, it improved the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: Considering the complications and heavy costs of managing complications in patients undergoing hemodialysis, it appears that aromatherapy can be used as an inexpensive, fast-acting and effective treatment to reduce complications in hemodialysis patients.