IMPORTANCE: Poor diet is a leading global factor associated with cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Understanding the quality of evidence of the associations between specific dietary factors and CMD, including effect size (relative risk [RR]) and uncertainty, is essential to guide policy and consumer...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is evidence that post-tonsillectomy dietary advice affects post-operative morbidity. METHOD: A systematic review was conducted of Embase, Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PsycInfo, to November 2014. RESULTS: Seventeen artic...

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have suggested that low serum vitamin levels are associated with increased mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and increased preterm delivery. We aimed to determine the efficacy of vitamins on the prevention of MTCT and preterm delivery by systematically r...

PURPOSE: Postoperative infection has seriously affected the prognosis of cancer patients, while probiotics have been increasingly used to prevent postoperative infection in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of probiotics on infection after colorectal cancer (CR...

In order to assess nutritional adequacy, valid estimates of nutrient intake are required. Specifically, the EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) Network of Excellence needs clear guidelines for assessing the validity of reported micronutrient intakes and n-3 fatty acid (FA) in...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether breast feeding in infancy compared with bottle feeding formula milk is associated with lower mean blood pressure at different ages. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases. STUDY SELECTION: Studies showing the effects ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of infant feeding method on serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 13- to 16-year-olds and a systematic review of studies (all observational) on the effects of infant feeding on cholestero...

We aimed to clarify the effect of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on renal function in overweight and obese individuals without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Literature searches were performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library until December 2015. We selected articles that reported human stu...

BACKGROUND: High sodium intake increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. For this reason the World Health Organization recommends a maximum intake of 2 g per day and a 30 % reduction in population sodium intake by 2025. However, in global reviews, data on sodium intake in su...

BACKGROUND: Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) contribute substantially to pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevention of these infections in childhood is a very important public health challenge. Previous systematic reviews, including both adult and childhood population...