IMPORTANCE: Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes; identifying and treating deficiency may improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence about screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and tr...

IMPORTANCE: Osteoporotic fractures result in significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To update the evidence for benefits and harms of vitamin D, calcium, or combined supplementation for the primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling adults to inform the US Preventive Services T...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of eating frequency on body weight status in children and adolescents. METHODS: In this meta-analysis, original observational studies published to October 2011 were selected through a literature search in the PubMed database. The reference list of the retrieved...

BACKGROUND: Plant-based diets are gaining attention globally due to their environmental benefits and perceived health-protective role. A vegan diet may have cardiovascular benefits; however, evidence remains conflicting and insufficiently assessed. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the utility of the vega...

BACKGROUND: A common dietary recommendation for weight loss, especially in lay public outlets, is to eat more fruit and vegetables (F/Vs). Without a compensatory reduction in total energy intake, significant weight loss would be unlikely. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to synthesize the best available evi...

Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root Extract; RR) is an herbaceous perennial, which is native to high altitude areas, such as East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, and North America. It has been studied for its positive pharmacological effects on health. However, only a handful of studies have evaluated the e...

Aim: To summarize evidence regarding the effects of oral nutritional supplement on muscle fitness of patients undergoing dialysis. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Review sources: Five English databases (CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL, and Web of Science) and four Chinese dat...

Background/objectives: Epidemiologic findings concerning the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk yielded mixed results. We aimed to investigate the association by performing a meta-analysis of all available studies. Subjects/methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Scien...

Background: Epidemiologic studies have yielded inconsistent findings between breastfeeding and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to summarize available evidence of the association between breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration and EOC risk from pub...

Low serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) (hypovitaminosis D) is common in older adults and associated with several negative outcomes. The association between hypovitaminosis D and diabetes in older adults is equivocal, however. We conducted a meta-analysis investigating if hypovitaminosis ...